India (Listeni/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bharat Ganrajya)[c], is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country 의해 area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded 의해 the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the 만, 베이 of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with 파키스탄 to the west;[d] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and 방글라데시 to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
집 to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[12] Four world religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and 이슬람 arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed 의해 and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly 의해 the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked 의해 non-violent resistance led 의해 Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest 의해 nominal GDP and third-largest 의해 purchasing power parity (PPP).[13] Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks seventh in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multi-ethnic society. It is also 집 to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
집 to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[12] Four world religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and 이슬람 arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed 의해 and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly 의해 the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked 의해 non-violent resistance led 의해 Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest 의해 nominal GDP and third-largest 의해 purchasing power parity (PPP).[13] Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks seventh in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multi-ethnic society. It is also 집 to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.