The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris[3] and Canis lupus dingo[1][2]) is a domesticated form of the gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties. The dog may have been the first animal to be domesticated, and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and companion animal in human history. The word "dog" may also mean the male of a canine species,[4] as opposed to the word "bitch" for the female of the species.[5]
개 were domesticated from gray 늑대 about 15,000 years ago.[6] They must have been very valuable to early human settlements, for they quickly became ubiquitous across world cultures. 개 perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, 더 많이 recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "Man's Best Friend" in the Western world. In 2001, there were estimated to be 400 million 개 in the world.[7]
Over the 15,000-year span in which the dog has been domesticated, it has diverged into only a handful of landraces, groups of similar 동물 whose morphology and behavior have been shaped 의해 environmental factors and functional roles. Through selective breeding 의해 humans, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows 더 많이 behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal.[8] For example, height measured to the withers ranges from a few inches in the 치와와 to a few feet in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue'") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" 또는 "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short 또는 long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, 또는 smooth.[9] It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.
개 were domesticated from gray 늑대 about 15,000 years ago.[6] They must have been very valuable to early human settlements, for they quickly became ubiquitous across world cultures. 개 perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, 더 많이 recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "Man's Best Friend" in the Western world. In 2001, there were estimated to be 400 million 개 in the world.[7]
Over the 15,000-year span in which the dog has been domesticated, it has diverged into only a handful of landraces, groups of similar 동물 whose morphology and behavior have been shaped 의해 environmental factors and functional roles. Through selective breeding 의해 humans, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows 더 많이 behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal.[8] For example, height measured to the withers ranges from a few inches in the 치와와 to a few feet in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue'") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" 또는 "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short 또는 long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, 또는 smooth.[9] It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.